PyQt5 高级界面控制（表格、树、tab、dock、scrollbar、多文档界面）

文章目录 1. 表格与树1.1 QTableView1.2 QListView1.3 QListWidget1.4 QTableWidget表根据界面宽度自动伸缩禁止编辑单击某单元，使之默认选中整行设置宽高度与内容相匹配是否显示表头单元格中放置`控件`输入行号，快速定位行设置颜色加粗字体排序文本对齐合并单元格设置单元格大小显示网格线设置图片、更改图片大小获取单元格内容右键菜单 1.5 QTreeView点击事件系统定制模式 2. 容器：装载更多控件QTabWidgetQStackedWidgetQDockWidget多文档界面 QMdiAreaQScrollBar

learn from 《PyQt5 快速开发与实战》 https://doc.qt.io/qtforpython/index.html https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/static/Docs/PyQt5

1. 表格与树 1.1 QTableView

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/9 9:44
# @Author : Michael
# @File : tableview1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtGui import QStandardItemModel, QStandardItem
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QTableView, QVBoxLayout, QApplication, QHeaderView


class table_view(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("table_view")
        self.resize(500, 300)
        self.model = QStandardItemModel()
        self.model.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(["姓名", "年龄", "性别", "地址"])

        for r in range(4):
            for c in range(4):
                item = QStandardItem("row %s, col %s" % (r, c))
                self.model.setItem(r, c, item)
        # 添加数据
        self.model.appendRow([
            QStandardItem("张三"), QStandardItem("20"),
        ])
        self.model.appendRow([
            QStandardItem('李四'), QStandardItem("21"),
        ])

        self.tableview1 = QTableView()
        self.tableview1.setModel(self.model)
        self.tableview1.horizontalHeader().setStretchLastSection(True)
        self.tableview1.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QHeaderView.Stretch)  # 表格填满窗口

        # 删除数据
        indexs = self.tableview1.selectionModel().selection().indexes()
        print(indexs)
        if len(indexs) > 0:
            index = indexs[0]
            self.model.removeRows(index.row(), 2)  # 删除两行
        index = self.tableview1.currentIndex()
        print(index, index.row(), index.column())
        self.model.removeRow(index.row()+1)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(self.tableview1)
        self.setLayout(layout)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = table_view()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

图片

1.2 QListView 用于展示数据

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/9 21:08
# @Author : Michael
# @File : list_view1.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtCore import QStringListModel
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QListView, QMessageBox, QApplication


class listViewDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(listViewDemo, self).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("ListView例子")
        self.resize(300, 300)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()

        listview = QListView()

        str_list_model = QStringListModel()
        self.qList = ['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3', 'Item 4']
        str_list_model.setStringList(self.qList)

        listview.setModel(str_list_model)
        listview.clicked.connect(self.clicked)

        layout.addWidget(listview)
        self.setLayout(layout)
    def clicked(self, qModelIndex):
        QMessageBox.information(self, "title", "text:你选择了 " + self.qList[qModelIndex.row()])

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = listViewDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
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1.3 QListWidget

用于从列表中添加删除条目，升级版QListView，可以调用函数直接添加数据

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/9 21:20
# @Author : Michael
# @File : listWidgetDemo.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QListWidget, QMessageBox, QApplication


class ListWidgetDemo(QListWidget):
    def clicked(self, item):
        QMessageBox.information(self, "ListWidget", "You clicked: " + item.text())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    listwidget = ListWidgetDemo()
    listwidget.resize(300, 200)
    listwidget.addItem("item 1")
    listwidget.addItem("item 2")
    listwidget.addItem("item 3")
    listwidget.addItem("item 4")
    listwidget.setWindowTitle("ListWidget Demo")
    listwidget.itemClicked.connect(listwidget.clicked)
    listwidget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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1.4 QTableWidget

是 QTableView 的子类

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/9 21:39
# @Author : Michael
# @File : tablewidgetDemo.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem, QApplication


class TableWidgetDemo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(TableWidgetDemo, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("TableWidget例子")
        self.resize(500, 300)

        layout = QHBoxLayout()

        tablewidget = QTableWidget(4, 3)  # 行，列
        # tablewidget.setRowCount(4)
        # tablewidget.setColumnCount(3)

        layout.addWidget(tablewidget)

        tablewidget.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(["姓名", "性别", "体重(kg)"])
        tablewidget.setVerticalHeaderLabels(["1行", "2行", "3行", "4行哦"])
        tablewidget.setItem(0, 0, QTableWidgetItem("张三"))
        tablewidget.setItem(0, 1, QTableWidgetItem("男"))
        tablewidget.setItem(0, 2, QTableWidgetItem("150"))

        self.setLayout(layout)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = TableWidgetDemo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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表根据界面宽度自动伸缩

tablewidget.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QHeaderView.Stretch)

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禁止编辑

tablewidget.setEditTriggers(QTableWidget.NoEditTriggers)

单击某单元，使之默认选中整行

tablewidget.setSelectionBehavior(QTableWidget.SelectRows)

设置宽高度与内容相匹配

tablewidget.resizeColumnsToContents()
tablewidget.resizeRowsToContents()

是否显示表头

tablewidget.horizontalHeader().setVisible(False)
tablewidget.verticalHeader().setVisible(False)

单元格中放置控件

# 添加控件
combox = QComboBox()
combox.addItem("男")
combox.addItem("女")
combox.setStyleSheet("QComboBox{margin:3px width:80px;}")
tablewidget.setCellWidget(1, 1, combox)

btn = QPushButton("保存")
btn.setDown(True)
btn.setStyleSheet("QPushButton{margin:20px width:20px;}")
tablewidget.setCellWidget(1, 2, btn)

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输入行号，快速定位行

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/10 9:48
# @Author : Michael
# @File : table_position.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtGui import QBrush, QColor
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class table_position(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(table_position, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("Table Position")
        self.resize(300, 200)

        layout = QHBoxLayout()

        tablewidget = QTableWidget()
        tablewidget.setRowCount(30)
        tablewidget.setColumnCount(4)

        layout.addWidget(tablewidget)

        for i in range(30):
            for j in range(4):
                itemContent = f'{i},{j}'
                tablewidget.setItem(i, j, QTableWidgetItem(itemContent))
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # 遍历表格查找指定内容
        text = '10,1'
        items = tablewidget.findItems(text, Qt.MatchExactly)
        item = items[0]
        # 选中单元格
        item.setSelected(True)
        # 设置背景颜色
        item.setForeground(QBrush(QColor(255, 0, 0)))

        row = item.row()
        # 鼠标滚轮定位到第11行
        tablewidget.verticalScrollBar().setSliderPosition(row)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = table_position()
    window.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
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图片

设置颜色

# 设置颜色
newitem = QTableWidgetItem('new')
newitem.setForeground(QBrush(QColor(0, 255, 0)))
tablewidget.setItem(10, 1, newitem)

加粗字体

# 加粗字体
newitem = QTableWidgetItem("new")
newitem.setFont(QFont("Times", 20, QFont.Bold))
tablewidget.setItem(10, 2, newitem)

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排序

tablewidget.sortItems(2, Qt.DescendingOrder) # 2 列，降序

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文本对齐

# 文本对齐方式
newitem = QTableWidgetItem("michael")
newitem.setTextAlignment(Qt.AlignRight | Qt.AlignBottom)
tablewidget.setItem(10, 3, newitem)

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合并单元格

# 合并单元格
tablewidget.setSpan(0, 0, 3, 1) # 0,0 位置 占据 3行 1列
tablewidget.setItem(0, 0, QTableWidgetItem("michael"))
tablewidget.setItem(1, 0, QTableWidgetItem("hello")) # 被占了，无效

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设置单元格大小

# 设置单元格大小
tablewidget.setColumnWidth(0, 300)  # 0列 300宽
tablewidget.setRowHeight(0, 150)  # 0行 150高

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显示网格线

# 不显示分割线
tablewidget.setShowGrid(False)

设置图片、更改图片大小

## 放置图片，调整大小
newitem = QTableWidgetItem(QIcon('../store.png'), "微软商店")
tablewidget.setItem(10, 3, newitem)
tablewidget.setIconSize(QSize(100, 100))

图片

获取单元格内容

# 获取单元格内容
    tablewidget.itemClicked.connect(self.handleItemClicked)

def handleItemClicked(self, item):
    print('你点击了' + item.text())

图片

右键菜单

def generateMenu(pos):
    row_num = -1
    for i in tablewidget.selectionModel().selection().indexes():
        row_num = i.row()

        menu = QMenu()
        item1 = menu.addAction("删除")
        item2 = menu.addAction("修改")
        item3 = menu.addAction("添加")
        action = menu.exec_(tablewidget.mapToGlobal(pos))
        if action == item1:
            print(f"选中了删除，行号：{row_num}")
        elif action == item2:
            print(f"选中了修改，行号：{row_num}")
        elif action == item3:
            print(f"选中了添加，行号：{row_num}")

# 允许右键菜单
tablewidget.setContextMenuPolicy(Qt.CustomContextMenu)
tablewidget.customContextMenuRequested.connect(generateMenu)

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1.5 QTreeView

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 20:26
# @Author : Michael
# @File : treewidget01.py
# @desc :
import sys

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon, QBrush
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTreeWidget, QTreeWidgetItem, QVBoxLayout, QMainWindow, QStyle


class TreeWidgetDemo(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(TreeWidgetDemo, self).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("TreeWidget Demo")
        self.tree = QTreeWidget()
        self.tree.setColumnCount(2)
        self.tree.setHeaderLabels(['Key', 'Value'])

        root = QTreeWidgetItem(self.tree)
        root.setText(0, 'group1')
        root.setIcon(0, self.style().standardIcon(QStyle.SP_DirIcon))

        self.tree.setColumnWidth(0, 150)
        ## 设置节点的背景颜色
        brush_red = QBrush(Qt.red)
        root.setBackground(0, brush_red)
        brush_green = QBrush(Qt.green)
        root.setBackground(1, brush_green)

        # 设置子节点1
        child1 = QTreeWidgetItem(root)
        child1.setText(0, 'child1')
        child1.setText(1, 'ios')
        child1.setIcon(0, QIcon("../store.png"))
        child1.setCheckState(0, Qt.Checked)

        # 设置子节点2
        child2 = QTreeWidgetItem(root)
        child2.setText(0, 'child2')
        child2.setText(1, '')

        # 设置子节点3
        child3 = QTreeWidgetItem(child2)
        child3.setText(0, 'child3')
        child3.setText(1, 'android')

        self.tree.addTopLevelItem(root)
        # 结点全部展开
        self.tree.expandAll()

        self.setCentralWidget(self.tree)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    tree = TreeWidgetDemo()
    tree.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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点击事件

	self.tree.clicked.connect(self.on_tree_clicked)
def on_tree_clicked(self):
    item = self.tree.currentItem()
    print(item.text(0), item.text(1))

系统定制模式 使用QTreeView，setModel

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # Window系统提供的模式
    model = QDirModel()
    # 创建一个QtreeView部件
    tree = QTreeView()
    # 为部件添加模式
    tree.setModel(model)
    tree.setWindowTitle("QTreeView 例子")
    tree.resize(640, 480)
    tree.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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2. 容器：装载更多控件 QTabWidget

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 21:01
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qtab_demo.py
# @desc :
import sys

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QTabWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QFormLayout,     QLineEdit, QRadioButton, QLabel, QCheckBox


class tab_demo(QTabWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.tab1 = QWidget()
        self.tab2 = QWidget()
        self.tab3 = QWidget()
        self.addTab(self.tab1, 'Tab1')
        self.addTab(self.tab2, 'Tab2')
        self.addTab(self.tab3, QIcon('../store.png'), 'Tab3')
        self.tab1UI()
        self.tab2UI()
        self.tab3UI()
        self.setWindowTitle('QTabWidget')

    def tab1UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        layout.addRow("姓名", QLineEdit())
        layout.addRow("地址", QLineEdit())
        self.setTabText(0, "联系方式")
        self.tab1.setLayout(layout)

    def tab2UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        sex = QHBoxLayout()
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton("男"))
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton("女"))
        layout.addRow(QLabel("性别"), sex)
        layout.addRow("生日", QLineEdit())
        self.setTabText(1, "个人详细信息")
        self.tab2.setLayout(layout)

    def tab3UI(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(QLabel("科目"))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox("物理"))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox("高数"))
        self.setTabText(2, "教育程度")
        self.tab3.setLayout(layout)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = tab_demo()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

图片

QStackedWidget

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 21:16
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qstackedwidget.py
# @desc :
import sys

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QListWidget, QStackedWidget, QHBoxLayout, QApplication, QLabel, QCheckBox,     QLineEdit, QRadioButton, QFormLayout


class qstackedwidget_demo(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(qstackedwidget_demo, self).__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle("QStackedWidget控件")
        self.setGeometry(100, 100, 800, 600)

        self.leftlist = QListWidget()
        self.leftlist.insertItem(0, "联系方式")
        self.leftlist.insertItem(1, "个人信息")
        self.leftlist.insertItem(2, "教育经历")

        self.stack1 = QWidget()
        self.stack2 = QWidget()
        self.stack3 = QWidget()

        self.stack1UI()
        self.stack2UI()
        self.stack3UI()

        self.stack = QStackedWidget()
        self.stack.addWidget(self.stack1)
        self.stack.addWidget(self.stack2)
        self.stack.addWidget(self.stack3)

        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        hbox.addWidget(self.leftlist)
        hbox.addWidget(self.stack)
        self.setLayout(hbox)
        self.leftlist.currentRowChanged.connect(self.display)

    def stack1UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        layout.addRow("姓名", QLineEdit())
        layout.addRow("地址", QLineEdit())
        self.stack1.setLayout(layout)

    def stack2UI(self):
        layout = QFormLayout()
        sex = QHBoxLayout()
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton("男"))
        sex.addWidget(QRadioButton("女"))
        layout.addRow(QLabel("性别"), sex)
        layout.addRow("生日", QLineEdit())
        self.stack2.setLayout(layout)

    def stack3UI(self):
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        layout.addWidget(QLabel("科目"))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox("物理"))
        layout.addWidget(QCheckBox("高数"))
        self.stack3.setLayout(layout)

    def display(self, i):
        self.stack.setCurrentIndex(i)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = qstackedwidget_demo()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
图片

图片

QDockWidget

图片

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 21:40
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qdock_demo.py
# @desc :
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QHBoxLayout, QDockWidget, QListWidget, QApplication, QTextEdit


class qock_demo(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        layout = QHBoxLayout()
        bar = self.menuBar()
        file = bar.addMenu('File')
        file.addAction('New')
        file.addAction('Open')
        file.addAction('Save')
        self.setCentralWidget(QTextEdit())

        self.items = QDockWidget('Dockable', self)
        self.listWidget = QListWidget()
        self.listWidget.addItems(['Item 1', 'Item 2', 'Item 3'])
        self.items.setWidget(self.listWidget)
        self.items.setFloating(False)
        self.addDockWidget(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea, self.items)
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.setWindowTitle('Dock例子')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    main = qock_demo()
    main.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
图片

图片

多文档界面 QMdiArea 可以有效节省内存QMdiArea

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 23:20
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qmultiDocInterface.py
# @desc :

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class qmultiDocInterface(QMainWindow):
    count = 0

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(qmultiDocInterface, self).__init__(parent)
        self.mdi = QMdiArea()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.mdi)
        bar = self.menuBar()
        file = bar.addMenu("File")
        file.addAction("New")
        file.addAction("cascade")
        file.addAction("Tiled")
        file.triggered[QAction].connect(self.windowaction)
        self.setWindowTitle("MDI demo")

    def windowaction(self, q):
        print("triggered")
        if q.text() == "New":
            qmultiDocInterface.count = qmultiDocInterface.count + 1
            sub = QMdiSubWindow()
            sub.setWidget(QTextEdit())
            sub.setWindowTitle("子窗口" + str(qmultiDocInterface.count))
            self.mdi.addSubWindow(sub)
            sub.show()
        if q.text() == "cascade":
            self.mdi.cascadeSubWindows() # 层叠
        if q.text() == "Tiled":
            self.mdi.tileSubWindows() # 平铺


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = qmultiDocInterface()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
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图片

QScrollBar

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
# @Time : 2022/5/29 23:27
# @Author : Michael
# @File : qscrollbar.py
# @desc :
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *


class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Example, self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        hbox = QHBoxLayout()
        self.l1 = QLabel("拖动滑动条去改变颜色")
        self.l1.setFont(QFont("Arial", 16))
        hbox.addWidget(self.l1)
        self.s1 = QScrollBar()
        self.s1.setMaximum(255)
        self.s1.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        self.s2 = QScrollBar()
        self.s2.setMaximum(255)
        self.s2.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        self.s3 = QScrollBar()
        self.s3.setMaximum(255)
        self.s3.sliderMoved.connect(self.sliderval)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s1)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s2)
        hbox.addWidget(self.s3)
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.setWindowTitle('QScrollBar 例子')
        self.setLayout(hbox)

    def sliderval(self):
        print(self.s1.value(), self.s2.value(), self.s3.value())
        palette = QPalette()
        c = QColor(self.s1.value(), self.s2.value(), self.s3.value(), 255)
        palette.setColor(QPalette.Foreground, c)
        self.l1.setPalette(palette)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    demo = Example()
    demo.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
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图片

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